Trichoderma | wound dressing | wound painting | Biological controls

azrael · 27th December 2007, 07:04 PM

This is new to me ... using Trichoderma as a pathogen to treat pathogenic root fungi.
Found this page http:///bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/UsesOf_Fungi/primaryProduction/BiologicalControl/pathogens.shtml
Otherwise everything else I found related to damping-off type fungi, in nursery environments.
Is this a normal practice up northern NSW and/or Qld. and what is this adjunct better known as...
Is it a cost effective option to use as a preventative measure.

Ekka · 27th December 2007, 07:30 PM

If you go hang out at the farmers type chemical stores you'll be very surprised what you find.

But in saying that there's horses for courses, the most likely fungi to invade trees up here would be Phelinus noxious, Ganoderma, Armillaria, Phytophthora & Anthracnose.

Some PDF docs I loaded up worth a read.

1.7mb wound dressing paint

3.2mb 25 wound dressings comparison

201kb and well worth a read
http://www.treeworld.info/attachment...1&d=1214699630

azrael · 27th December 2007, 08:22 PM

Havent read those attachments yet...
This post is because I visited the APVMA site to check label registration for Vinevax...It doesnt seem to cover anything but grapes/grapevines...AND there is no permit for special uses.
So maybe we should'nt recommend this product by name for use on woody trees as a purely preventative caution...transplants... yes
The latest Gazetted items are .... I'll keep a check for any updates.
Gazette APVMA 10, 4 October 2005
and
Gazette APVMA 10, 4 October 2005

Ekka · 27th December 2007, 08:43 PM

Key part is this.

Quote:

Propose that products containing Trichoderma spp. that are represented, supplied or used for improvement of soil structure, improving survival of transplants, increasing beneficial microbes or microbial activity in soils, or digesting cellulose be declared as not being agricultural chemical products under Schedule 3 of the Regulations. Given the time this may take, the APVMA has granted a temporary exemption for the purposes of sections 75(1)(b) and 78(1)(b) of the Agvet Codes. This exemption means that it would not be an offence to possess such products for the purposes of supply or to supply them for this purpose.

Nice find.

azrael · 28th December 2007, 05:51 AM

Quote:

the most likely fungi to invade trees up here would be Phelinus noxious, Ganoderma, Armillaria, Phytophthora & Anthracnose.

(Thats in Brisbane)...The first link is case study summary at Hyde Park Sydney.
AILA NSW 2005 Tree Managment Forum

and Malaysia
CSIRO PUBLISHING - Australasian Plant Pathology

and pic from Townsville
Parks Services - Townsville City Council

Ekka · 28th December 2007, 07:34 AM

And there's not a whole lot you can do about it, I dont think Trichoderma helps for those fungi.

Mango trees get anthracnose on the foliage tips.

Sean Freeman · 28th December 2007, 03:05 PM

There's a fair bit of anecdotal evidence for the positive impacts of foliar applications of suitably (after microscope leaf analysis) selected, properly brewed (aerobic) compost teas, in the battle with anthracnose and leaf blight. No substantive scientific studies though, I'd certainly be offering foliar sprays as an option to clients with those troubles.

Ekka · 11th July 2008, 03:07 PM

Another great powerpoint document on biological controls from Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
University of Idaho

treeseer · 31st August 2008, 03:09 AM

Here's a look at some research.

How to apply it?

Ekka · 31st August 2008, 08:56 AM

Interesting to read this from page 13

Quote:

The additivion of glucose and urea
caused faster colonization of the wood samples by Trichoderma spp. and in their presence the
protective effect was increased (Hjeljord et al. 2001). In dual culture tests as well as in
interaction tests, significant differences between the species and strains of Trichoderma spp.
were evident. Thus, T-15603.1, T-351.93 and T-126.65 showed a high antagonistic potential.
By contrast, the antagonistic potential of T-396.92, the commercial product Binab and
especially, T-338.93 was limited (Schubert et al. 2008).

Ekka · 10th November 2008, 07:34 PM

Trichoderma nails armillaria.

Source: Source: Wiley InterScience :: Session Cookies

Quote:

Scanning electron microscopy showed that Trichoderma polysporum, T. harzianum and T. viride were mycoparasites on the rhizomorphs of Armillaria gallica. These Trichoderma species attacked and penetrated the melanized outer tissue of the rhizomorph and once inside they killed the Armillaria hyphae by coiling and direct penetration. After one week the rhizomorphs infected with each of the three species of Trichoderma were devoid of hyphae.

Source: Armillaria root rot - Botanic Gardens Trust - Sydney, Australia

Quote:

A combination of sanitation measures, good horticultural management and the addition of organic matter to soils can be expected to retard the activity of Armillaria.

Prevention of the disease: hygiene is essential for ensuring the disease is not spread from infested to uninfested sites.

Removal of inoculum: removal of infected material from infested sites will reduce the impact of the disease in subsequent plantings. It is difficult to ensure that all sources of inoculum are removed from the site and this may be difficult as the fungus can survive in relatively small pieces of root. In these instances we recommend leaving the area unplanted to allow the small pieces of infected material decay. Isolation of infected areas by trenching and root barriers can be very effective in some situations where the area of infection is well known and defined. Trenching needs to be at least 0.6 m deep.

Clearing, aerating and drying the root collar can be very useful on high value trees that are infected. This involves excavating around trees so that infected areas are exposed to the air. This halts the activity of the fungus because the surface wood and bark dries out. This technique has been used in a variety of situations with a number of species of Armillaria with some good results.

Chemical control: there are no effective chemicals to control the disease in trees.

Decay organisms: one method of reducing the inoculum of the fungus is by introducing a decay organism (eg. Phanerochaete filamentosa) into infested dead material in the soil, eg. stumps. This is a long term control method as it will take some time for the decay organism to be effective and displace the Armillaria from the stump.

Biological Control: there are some promising developments in biological control of Armillaria. Many centre on the use of the soil fungus Trichoderma. This fungus is a ubiquitous soil inhabitant that is active on the root and there are research trials on its effectiveness on several Armillaria species in different parts of the world.

It should not be expected that total control of Armillaria root rot will be achieved. However, all of the above factors will need to be part of an integrated program of disease management.

The below is from the attached PDF

Quote:

Summary
The merits of Trichoderma species as a potential biocontrol agent for Armillaria have been promising for many
years now. The true merits of this organism lie in the management approach adopted by growers with regards to
this organism. To best utilize Trichoderma species, the following must always be remembered;
1) at low population densities, antagonistic strains of Trichoderma would be limited in their action against
Armillaria, therefore bi-annual applications need to be made early in April/ May and in October whereby
Trichoderma populations can actively grow in the soil and antagonise Armillaria in suitable soil temperatures,
2) budget for Trichoderma applications as a routine management tool in kiwifruit orchards,
3) be aware of the soil temperatures when you apply Trichoderma products as soil temperatures below 13oC will
not actively promote the growth of this organism,
4) do not be drawn in by fancy application methods of Trichoderma species as these are an added cost which do
not increase the efficacy of Trichoderma products,
5) ensure that vines do not suffer from water stress or nutrient deficiencies as vines which are stressed in any way
have an increased susceptibility to Armillaria. Therefore, take fertilizing vines and water management
seriously, conduct soil and leaf analyses to best ascertain the nutrient status of kiwifruit vines. A healthy
balanced soil system and vine are less susceptible to pathogens and promote conditions which are favourable
for Trichoderma species to proliferate,
6) ensure the Trichoderma product chosen is easy to handle and can guarantee viable spore counts,
7) investigate the use of fungicides and the effects these can have on the Trichoderma product you have chosen to
use,
8) Finally, take Trichoderma species seriously. The merits of this organism are more than meets the eye.

Also from 2nd PDF attached, however I contest the fact that trichoderma would inhibit soil take over and also increase vitality of the tree, therefore assisting in the compartmentalization of colonized wood.

Quote:

It should be noted that mycorrhizal fungi do not protect roots from Armillaria (Baumgartner, 2000). Both endo
and ecto mycorrhizae infect root hairs or young roots while Armillaria infects woody roots. Neither can
Trichoderma based biological control products eliminate Armillaria from infected trees. Trichoderma can not
grow through bark and the fungal zone lines to attack the pathogen, if you remove the bark to treat the
Armillaria, it is not the Trichoderma that achieves the results but drying out. Without the bark, Armillaria will
not survive well. There are limits though, without its bark, a tree will not survive either.

Although aged (1999) this information shows a relationship with trichoderma and sugars.
Source: Armillaria and Trichoderma

Quote:

Armillaria is a soil fungus which rots woody roots and fallen wood that is in contact with the ground. It is long lived and reproduces usually only in the autumn. By comparison Trichoderma is extremely short lived, its spores geminating on material with a high sugar content where it reproduces rapidly and in great numbers and then moves on to the next sugary food source. To maximise its food source Trichoderma releases chemicals that inhibit the growth of other fungi including Armillaria. This has been shown time and again in laboratory experiments and led to the belief that Trichoderma might be used to control Armillaria in the real world. This is illusory as Armillaria rots wood which has a very low, if not non-existent, sugar content and spends many years doing so whereas Trichoderma rapidly uses any available sugars, reproduces and is gone. So, other than a possible brief inhibiting of Armillaria growth there is no likely long-term cure using Trichoderma injected into the trunk of a diseased tree. Despite thirty years of trying to develop a technique to utilise Trichoderma, no effective control has ever been achieved, or is ever likely to be developed. It is also notable that the developers of these products provide little, if any, scientific data to back up their claims for control.

Beer makers have known about dextrose for ages. To culture trichoderma in the lab they use potato dextrose agar.

From: Trichoderma spp.

Above: Cultures of Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (KRL-AG2) growing on potato dextrose agar. The white areas do not contain spores, while the green areas are covered with dense masses of spores (conidia).

Sean Freeman · 10th November 2008, 07:58 PM

These are well written papers, and I totally agree that Trichoderma sp treatments are ineffective once a wood decay fungi is within the tissues of the tree, it is a very effective preventative treatment when applied to clean cut roots however, and we regularly recommend the use of such antagonistic fungi.

Ekka · 17th January 2010, 04:00 PM

There is one.

I have tried to get these guys to front at this forum and put up their evidence.

They do have evidence and trials but have not come to party, I assume it's because their trials are with grape vines not trees.

If you are going to "paint" a wound I would suggest you use this product, in simplicity it is trichoderma atroviride but in a special blend that aids it's longivity and penetration, it is not the same as making your own trichoderma paste/paint ... it has been forumlated specifically by them.

Like I said, I have tried to get them here, I have tried to get them to tell us more but have not got far enough, they have sent information to me on a "privi" basis but I cannot publish it.

I present Vinevax

Ekka · 1st February 2010, 12:18 PM

The most recent about wound dressings and field tests.

Seems a mixture of Tricho products is the go, add some N and sugar to the mix, they talk about using a gel to perhaps make it stick better (maybe substitute sugar with molasses). Big wounds are still an issue, they discuss heartwood/sapwood ratio and also how the phenols in heartwood affect trichoderma but the results are good to read.

From the document attached:-

Quote:

Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. as a biocontrol agent against
wood decay fungi in urban trees

Mark Schubert a,b,*, Siegfried Fink b, Francis W.M.R. Schwarze a,b

a EMPA Material Science & Technology, Wood Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland

b Albert-Ludwigs-Universita¨ t Freiburg, Professur fu¨ r Forstbotanik, Bertoldstrasse 17, D-79085 Freiburg i. Br., Germany

Received 29 August 2007; accepted 2 January 2008
Available online 12 January 2008

Quote:

The addition of glucose and urea caused faster colonization of the wood samples by Trichoderma spp. and in their presence the protective effect was increased (Hjeljord et al., 2001).

Quote:

3.3. Field trails

Monitoring results revealed re-isolation of the Trichoderma strain T-15603.1 from treated wounds 30 months after application (Fig. 4). The establishment and the successful colonization of the wound surface by T-15603.1 were highly dependent on the medium in which the conidia were suspended (Table 7). Table 8 shows the contrast analysis of different conidial suspensions tested. The significantly highest mean re-isolation rate of 74.8% was obtained after application with conidial suspension 3 (P < 0.05). Wounds were much weaker colonized after treatment with suspensions 1 (32.5%) and 2 (29.1%), that showed similar statistical performance. Monitoring results of re-isolation rates from wounds treated with suspension 3 were significantly higher than from control wounds (P < 0.001). After 12 months no differences between treatment of wounds with suspension 2 and control wounds was determined. After 30 months no differences were observed between the re-isolation rates of suspension 1 and the controls.
Correlation analysis according to Spearman’s rho showed a positive relationship between precipitation and re-isolation rate (hqi = 0.829, P < 0.05) and in a negative correlation between wound dimension and re-isolation rate (hqi = 0.714, P < 0.05). In comparison to re-isolations from sapwood wounds (69.7%), an increase in wound size and proportion of heartwood resulted in a lower re-isolation rate (30,3%).

Quote:

Although formulation of the conidia and abiotic factors, especially humidity, influenced the establishment of the biocontrol agent, the wood substrate appeared also to be a decisive factor. The re-isolation rate was significantly
(P < 0.05) reduced on heartwood. Shigo and Hills (1973) investigated the specific characteristics of heartwood from several tree species and they described heartwood as a substrate with low wood moisture and with fungistatic properties, which hampers colonization by microorganism. Thus, the conidial viability and thereby the biocontrol efficacy of T-15603.1 is imited on large wound dimensions because of an increased ratio of heartwood to sapwood.

Quote:

A strategy to enhance the effect of a biological wound treatment could be the use of a mixture of biocontrol strains, which may provide a greater protection under different environmental conditions than the application of individual biocontrol strains (Meyer and Roberts, 2002).

Ekka · 15th February 2010, 09:15 PM

So if using a bio control agent what else can you do at the same time that might affect the pathogenic fungi but not the beneficial fungi?

Have a look.

Ekka · 15th February 2010, 09:52 PM

The attached PDF is long and well worth a read, names the products and players.

27th December 2007, 07:04 PM	#1
azrael Former Member Join Date: Dec 2007 Location: Earth Australia Posts: 243	Trichoderma \| wound dressing \| wound painting \| Biological controls This is new to me ... using Trichoderma as a pathogen to treat pathogenic root fungi. Found this page http:///bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/UsesOf_Fungi/primaryProduction/BiologicalControl/pathogens.shtml Otherwise everything else I found related to damping-off type fungi, in nursery environments. Is this a normal practice up northern NSW and/or Qld. and what is this adjunct better known as... Is it a cost effective option to use as a preventative measure.

27th December 2007, 08:22 PM	#3
azrael Former Member Join Date: Dec 2007 Location: Earth Australia Posts: 243	Re: The Trichoderma and wound dressing question Havent read those attachments yet... This post is because I visited the APVMA site to check label registration for Vinevax...It doesnt seem to cover anything but grapes/grapevines...AND there is no permit for special uses. So maybe we should'nt recommend this product by name for use on woody trees as a purely preventative caution...transplants... yes The latest Gazetted items are .... I'll keep a check for any updates. Gazette APVMA 10, 4 October 2005 and Gazette APVMA 10, 4 October 2005 Last edited by azrael; 28th December 2007 at 07:58 AM. Reason: Another link

28th December 2007, 07:34 AM	#6
Ekka Admin - Dip Arb & Hort & Seldom Wrong Join Date: Jan 2007 Location: Brisbane Posts: 9,789	Re: The Trichoderma and wound dressing question And there's not a whole lot you can do about it, I dont think Trichoderma helps for those fungi. Mango trees get anthracnose on the foliage tips. __________________ TAS Training & Assessment Services\| Arb and Hort Training available here Free Online Tree Value Calculator by TreeWorld Free Online TPZ and SRZ AS4970-2009 Calculator by TreeWorld Free Online Tree Surface Area and Tree Volume Calculator by TreeWorld Free Tree and Green Industry Deep Link Directory ... Yes, I also SEO (Optimize) and build websites that fly high in Google Qualified Brisbane Tree Lopping \| Stump Grinding Brisbane Brisbane - Gold Coast Consulting Arborist, Tree and Arborist Reports \| Project Arborist

28th December 2007, 03:05 PM	#7
Sean Freeman PDF King & Arborist Extrodinaire Join Date: Feb 2007 Location: Townsville Nth Queensland & Gold Coast Sth Queensland Posts: 2,155	Re: The Trichoderma and wound dressing question There's a fair bit of anecdotal evidence for the positive impacts of foliar applications of suitably (after microscope leaf analysis) selected, properly brewed (aerobic) compost teas, in the battle with anthracnose and leaf blight. No substantive scientific studies though, I'd certainly be offering foliar sprays as an option to clients with those troubles. __________________ Sean Trees are poems that earth writes upon the sky, We fell them down and turn them into paper, That we may record our emptiness. - Kahlil Gibran http://wanderingarborist.blogspot.com/ http://veterantreegroup.blogspot.com/ http://www.youtube.com/user/VeteranTreeGroup

10th November 2008, 07:58 PM	#12
Sean Freeman PDF King & Arborist Extrodinaire Join Date: Feb 2007 Location: Townsville Nth Queensland & Gold Coast Sth Queensland Posts: 2,155	Re: Trichoderma \| wound dressing \| wound painting \| Biological controls These are well written papers, and I totally agree that Trichoderma sp treatments are ineffective once a wood decay fungi is within the tissues of the tree, it is a very effective preventative treatment when applied to clean cut roots however, and we regularly recommend the use of such antagonistic fungi. __________________ Sean Trees are poems that earth writes upon the sky, We fell them down and turn them into paper, That we may record our emptiness. - Kahlil Gibran http://wanderingarborist.blogspot.com/ http://veterantreegroup.blogspot.com/ http://www.youtube.com/user/VeteranTreeGroup

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