How ants farm aphids

Eric Frei · 12th October 2007, 10:10 PM

Well you most likely have heard the story but perhaps thought it wasn't all true.

Finally there's some scientific evidence how the ants do it.

ScienceDaily: Herding Aphids: How 'Farmer' Ants Keep Control Of Their Food

Quote:

Herding Aphids: How 'Farmer' Ants Keep Control Of Their Food

Science Daily ? Chemicals on ants' feet tranquilise and subdue colonies of aphids, keeping them close-by as a ready source of food, says new research. The study throws new light on the complex relationship between ants and the colonies of aphids whose sugary secretions the ants eat.

Scientists had previously established that certain types of aphids live in colonies where they are used as a food source by a neighbouring colony of ants. The ants have been known to bite the wings off the aphids in order to stop them from getting away and depriving the ants of one of their staple foods: the sugar-rich sticky honeydew which is excreted by aphids when they eat plants. Chemicals produced in the glands of ants can also sabotage the growth of aphid wings. The new study shows, for the first time, that ants' chemical footprints -- which are already known to be used by ants to mark out their territory - also play a key role in manipulating the aphid colony, and keeping it nearby.

The research, which was carried out by a team from Imperial College London, Royal Holloway University of London, and the University of Reading and published October 10, used a digital camera and specially modified software to measure the walking speed of aphids when they were placed on filter paper that had previously been walked over by ants. The data showed that the aphids' movement was much slower when they were on paper that had been walked on by ants, than on plain paper.

Furthermore, when placed on a dead leaf, where the aphid's instinct is to walk off in search of healthy leaves for food, the scientists found that the presence of ants significantly slowed the aphids' dispersal from the leaf. Lead author of the article published October 10, Tom Oliver from Imperial's Department of Life Sciences, explains how ants could use this manipulation in a real-life scenario:

"We believe that ants could use the tranquillising chemicals in their footprints to maintain a populous 'farm' of aphids close their colony, to provide honeydew on tap. Ants have even been known to occasionally eat some of the aphids themselves, so subduing them in this way is obviously a great way to keep renewable honeydew and prey easily available."

However, Tom points out that the relationship between the ants and the aphids might not be that straightforward: "There are some definite advantages for aphids being 'farmed' like this by ants for their honeydew. Ants have been documented attacking and fighting off ladybirds and other predators that have tried to eat their aphids. It's possible that the aphids are using this chemical footprint as a way of staying within the protection of the ants."

Professor Vincent Jansen of Royal Holloway's School of Biological Sciences, concludes: "Although both parties benefit from the interaction, this research shows is that all is not well in the world of aphids and ants. The aphids are manipulated to their disadvantage: for aphids the ants are a dangerous liaison."

Oldtimer · 13th October 2007, 05:24 AM

Ekka, very interesting article. We learn something new everyday. The weather here is HOT and Humid. Last weekend I was camping out in a local preserve and staying in the Tent was like seating in sauna!

Looking forward to a cool front to blow by this weekend and cool things a bit.

redstree · 18th October 2007, 03:10 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Oldtimer

Last weekend I was camping out in a local preserve and staying in the Tent was like seating in sauna!

WOW, youy guys in TX sure have fancy tents. They even have saunas?

P.S. Great article on the aphids. I was awear of this but had never read any research about it. Thanks

mdvaden · 19th October 2007, 04:18 PM

Sure makes sense.

At least here, ants love sugary stuff.

Seems that yellowjackets here go for aphids too. I see them swarm around trees with aphids, like white birch.

SageMother · 21st October 2007, 10:05 AM

There was a time when people were taught that only humans could create tools and domesticate animals. I think pepole who are still clinging to that idea should be required to read this article!

Jeff Darby · 14th November 2011, 06:10 PM

Here a link to ants actually farming aphids...

YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.

Credits and thank you to Animal Planet...

Ant-aphid - YouTube

Kenny Koala · 21st November 2011, 08:56 AM

The insect world is truly amazing.

When i did insects through TAFE i was totally amazed by their world and the relationships that some insects had with others.

Aphids and ants being one of them.
Aphids are an amazing thing. We were taught that they are hermaphrodites So breeding becomes very easy.
That not all of them have wings.

Those ants will also farm some of the softer scale insects

Another good one is the red wasp that hovers above your lawn during the warmer months.
If you see these , have a dig through the thatch and see if you can find a lawn grub(Army worm).
You'll struggle to find one, but these little red wasps with the long ovipositers don't have a problem finding them.
When they do they sting the grub and then lay an egg in it.
The egg hatches and the larvae then has a meal of the lawn grub.
Funny thing is the larvae doesn't indiscriminitely eat the grub it eats everything but the vital organs needed to keep it alive. That is until the larvae gets large enough and eats the whole thing

13th October 2007, 05:24 AM	#2
Oldtimer Semi-mature vigorous tree Join Date: Jan 2007 Location: Austin TX Posts: 102	Re: How ants farm aphids Ekka, very interesting article. We learn something new everyday. The weather here is HOT and Humid. Last weekend I was camping out in a local preserve and staying in the Tent was like seating in sauna! Looking forward to a cool front to blow by this weekend and cool things a bit.

19th October 2007, 04:18 PM	#4
mdvaden Former Member Join Date: Feb 2007 Location: Oregon Posts: 397	Re: How ants farm aphids Sure makes sense. At least here, ants love sugary stuff. Seems that yellowjackets here go for aphids too. I see them swarm around trees with aphids, like white birch.

21st October 2007, 10:05 AM	#5
SageMother Sappling Join Date: Oct 2007 Location: Colorado Posts: 16	Re: How ants farm aphids There was a time when people were taught that only humans could create tools and domesticate animals. I think pepole who are still clinging to that idea should be required to read this article!

21st November 2011, 08:56 AM	#7
Kenny Koala Sappling Join Date: Sep 2011 Location: in a tree Posts: 36	Re: How ants farm aphids The insect world is truly amazing. When i did insects through TAFE i was totally amazed by their world and the relationships that some insects had with others. Aphids and ants being one of them. Aphids are an amazing thing. We were taught that they are hermaphrodites So breeding becomes very easy. That not all of them have wings. Those ants will also farm some of the softer scale insects Another good one is the red wasp that hovers above your lawn during the warmer months. If you see these , have a dig through the thatch and see if you can find a lawn grub(Army worm). You'll struggle to find one, but these little red wasps with the long ovipositers don't have a problem finding them. When they do they sting the grub and then lay an egg in it. The egg hatches and the larvae then has a meal of the lawn grub. Funny thing is the larvae doesn't indiscriminitely eat the grub it eats everything but the vital organs needed to keep it alive. That is until the larvae gets large enough and eats the whole thing

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